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            <h2 class="toc-title">目录</h2>
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        </div><article class="page single"><h1 class="single-title animated flipInX">Linux下各文件夹的作用</h1><div class="post-meta">
            <div class="post-meta-line"><span class="post-author"><a href="/Blog/" title="Author" rel=" author" class="author"><i class="fas fa-user-circle fa-fw"></i>Alex Wu</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="post-category">收录于 <a href="/Blog/categories/linux/"><i class="far fa-folder fa-fw"></i>Linux</a></span></div>
            <div class="post-meta-line"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i>&nbsp;<time datetime="2020-02-25">2020-02-25</time>&nbsp;<i class="fas fa-pencil-alt fa-fw"></i>&nbsp;约 1850 字&nbsp;
                <i class="far fa-clock fa-fw"></i>&nbsp;预计阅读 4 分钟&nbsp;<span id="/Blog/linux%E4%B8%8B%E5%90%84%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8/" class="leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="Linux下各文件夹的作用">
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            </div><div class="content" id="content"><p>下面内容对应环境为：Ubuntu 16.04</p>
<p>首先放一张根目录下的文件夹图</p>
<p><img
        class="lazyload"
        src="/Blog/svg/loading.min.svg"
        data-src="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141454.png"
        data-srcset="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141454.png, https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141454.png 1.5x, https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141454.png 2x"
        data-sizes="auto"
        alt="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141454.png"
        title="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141454.png" /></p>
<p>boot
该文件夹存放引导加载器(bootstrap loader)使用的文件,一般我们不会使用这里面的文件</p>
<p><img
        class="lazyload"
        src="/Blog/svg/loading.min.svg"
        data-src="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141517.png"
        data-srcset="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141517.png, https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141517.png 1.5x, https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141517.png 2x"
        data-sizes="auto"
        alt="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141517.png"
        title="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141517.png" /></p>
<p>dev
该文件夹存放的是设备文件即设备驱动程序,用户可以通过这些文件访问外部设备.</p>
<p><img
        class="lazyload"
        src="/Blog/svg/loading.min.svg"
        data-src="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141538.png"
        data-srcset="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141538.png, https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141538.png 1.5x, https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141538.png 2x"
        data-sizes="auto"
        alt="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141538.png"
        title="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141538.png" /></p>
<p>/dev/null称为空设备,也称为位桶（bit bucket）或者黑洞(black hole),你可以向它输入任何数据，但任何写入它的数据都会被抛弃。通常用于处理不需要的输出流,这些操作通常由重定向完成
/dev/shm/这个目录是linux下一个利用内存虚拟出来的一个目录,这个目录中的文件都是保存在内存中，而不是磁盘上。其大小是非固定的，即不是预先分配好的内存来存储的。(shm == shared memory).
默认最大为内存的一半大小，使用df -h命令可以看到.但它并不会真正的占用这块内存，如果/dev/shm/下没有任何文件，它占用的内存实际上就是0字节
我们可以看到/dev/shm的文件系统为tmpfs，即为临时文件系统</p>
<p><img
        class="lazyload"
        src="/Blog/svg/loading.min.svg"
        data-src="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141553.png"
        data-srcset="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141553.png, https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141553.png 1.5x, https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141553.png 2x"
        data-sizes="auto"
        alt="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141553.png"
        title="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141553.png" /></p>
<p>home
该文件夹包含用户家目录，即系统上的所有实际数据存放的地方,你添加的用户 都会在该目录下创建一个和用户们相同的目录,为该用户的家目录</p>
<p>root</p>
<p>超级管理员的家目录</p>
<p>bin</p>
<p>/bin目录包含了引导启动所需的命令和普通用户可能用的命令.这些命令都是二进制文件的可执行程序(bin是binary的简称)，多是系统中重要的系统文件</p>
<p><img
        class="lazyload"
        src="/Blog/svg/loading.min.svg"
        data-src="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141608.png"
        data-srcset="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141608.png, https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141608.png 1.5x, https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141608.png 2x"
        data-sizes="auto"
        alt="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141608.png"
        title="https://qiniu.oneone.life/img/20220129141608.png" /></p>
<p>sbin
/sbin目录类似/bin ，也用于存储二进制文件。因为其中的大部分文件多是系统管理员使用的基本的系统程序，所以虽然普通用户必要且允许时可以使用，但一般不给普通用户使用</p>
<p>etc</p>
<p>/etc目录存放着各种系统配置文件，其中包括了用户信息文件/etc/passwd， 系统初始化文件/etc/rc等。linux正是靠这些文件才得以正常地运行</p>
<p>lib</p>
<p>/lib目录是根文件系统上的程序所需的共享库，存放了根文件系统程序运行所需的共享文件,这些文件包含了可被许多程序共享的代码，以避免每个程序都包含有相同的子程序的副本,故可以使得可执行文件变得更小,节省空间.</p>
<p>tmp</p>
<p>临时目录,对于某些程序来说,有些文件被用了一次两次之后,就不会再被用到,像这样的文件就放在这里.有些linux系统会定期自动对这个目录进行清理，因此，千万不要把重要的数据放在这里</p>
<p>opt</p>
<p>这个目录主要存那些可选的程序.想尝试最新的firefox测试版吗？那就装到/opt目录下吧，这样，当你尝试完，想删掉firefox的时候,你就可以直接删除它，而不影响系统其他任何设置.安装到/opt目录下的程序，它所有的数据、库文件等等都是放在同个目录下面
举例:刚才装的测试版firefox,就可以装到/opt/firefox_beta目录下,/opt/firefox_beta目录下面就包含了运行firefox所需要的所有文件、库、数据等等.要删除firefox的时候，你只需删除/opt/firefox_beta目录即可，非常简单</p>
<p>usr</p>
<p>/usr是个很重要的目录,因为所有程序安装在这里.
/usr/local:本地安装的程序和其他东西，因为这样可以在升级新版系 统或新发行版时无须重新安装全部程序
/usr/bin:集中了几乎所有用户命令，是系统的软件库.另有些命令在/bin或/usr/local/bin中
/usr/sbin:包括了根文件系统不必要的系统管理命令
/usr/src:linux内核的源代码</p>
<p>var</p>
<p>/var包含系统一般运行时要改变的数据,通常这些数据所在的目录的大小是要经常变化或扩充的
/var/lib：存放系统正常运行时要改变的文件
/var/local：存放/usr/local中安装的程序的可变数据
/var/log:各种程序的日志(log)文件,这里的文件经常不确定地增长,应该定期清除。
/var/tmp：比/tmp允许更大的或需要存在较长时间的临时文件</p>
<p>proc</p>
<p>/proc文件系统是一个伪的文件系统,就是说它是一个实际上不存在的目录,因而这是一个非常特殊的目录.它并不存在于某个磁盘上,而是由核心在内存中产生.这个目录用于提供关于系统的信息
/proc/x:关于进程x的信息目录,这x是这一进程的标识号.每个进程在 /proc下有一个名为自己进程号的目录
/proc/cpuinfo:存放处理器(cpu)的信息，如cpu的类型、制造商、 型号和性能等
/proc/filesystems:核心配置的文件系统信息
/proc/uptime:系统启动的时间长度
/proc/version:核心版本</p>
<p>lost+found</p>
<p>这个目录平时是空的,系统非正常关机而留下“无家可归”的文件就在这里</p>
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                <span>更新于 2020-02-25</span>
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